Grade 23 Titanium vs. S45000 Stainless Steel
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while S45000 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is S45000 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 6.8 to 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 330 to 650 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 30 | |
| 22 to 50 |
| Rockwell C Hardness | 32 | |
| 28 to 44 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 590 to 830 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 980 to 1410 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 580 to 1310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 840 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 17 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 2.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 13 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 2.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 39 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 130 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 94 to 160 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 850 to 4400 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 35 to 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 28 to 36 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 4.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 33 to 47 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 14 to 16 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 1.3 to 1.8 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 72.1 to 79.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 5.0 to 7.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |