Grade 31 Titanium vs. AISI 414 Stainless Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AISI 414 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is AISI 414 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 430 to 480 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 34 | |
| 50 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 550 to 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 900 to 960 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 700 to 790 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 750 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1400 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 25 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 10 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 2.5 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 2.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 2.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 29 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 140 to 150 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 1260 to 1590 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 32 to 34 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 27 to 28 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 6.7 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 33 to 35 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 11.5 to 13.5 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 81.8 to 87.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |