Grade 31 Titanium vs. AWS E312
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AWS E312 belongs to the iron alloys. There are 19 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (13, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is AWS E312.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 25 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 740 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1360 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 15 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 3.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 52 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 27 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 18 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 52.3 to 63.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 2.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 8.0 to 10.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |