Grade 31 Titanium vs. EN 1.0234 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.0234 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.0234 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 12 to 29 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 170 to 270 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 34 | |
| 64 to 78 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 260 to 300 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 350 to 480 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 220 to 410 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 53 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 8.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 36 to 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 130 to 440 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 12 to 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 14 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 11 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.060 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.13 to 0.17 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 99.02 to 99.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.35 to 0.6 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |