Grade 31 Titanium vs. EN 2.4851 Nickel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 2.4851 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 2.4851 nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 34 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 170 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 430 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 650 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 230 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 320 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 1200 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1360 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1310 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 14 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 1.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 1.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 8.2 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 8.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 120 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 280 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 170 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 130 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 2.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 17 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 1.7 |
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0060 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.030 to 0.1 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 21 to 25 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 7.7 to 18 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 58 to 63 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |