Grade 31 Titanium vs. Solder Alloy 116
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while solder alloy 116 belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is solder alloy 116.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 26 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 18 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.42 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 9.3 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 34 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 34 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 260 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 180 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 160 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 41 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 27 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 9.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 10 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 7.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 120 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 690 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 1.5 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 9.8 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 0.94 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 2.3 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 3.4 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0010 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Arsenic (As), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Bismuth (Bi), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Cadmium (Cd), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Gold (Au), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Indium (In), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 68.4 to 70.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Silver (Ag), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 29.5 to 30.5 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0010 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |