Grade 31 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1078 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1078 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1078 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 11 to 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 270 to 350 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 34 | |
| 34 to 45 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 72 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 440 to 470 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 730 to 780 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 430 to 570 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 49 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 45 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 77 to 90 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 490 to 860 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 26 to 28 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 23 to 24 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 25 to 26 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.72 to 0.85 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 98.5 to 99 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |