Grade 31 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI D5 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI D5 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D5 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 5.4 to 14 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 75 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 470 to 1180 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 770 to 2030 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1430 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 27 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 4.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 4.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 3.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 51 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 120 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 28 to 73 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 to 46 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 7.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 26 to 67 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 1.4 to 1.6 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 11 to 13 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 77.9 to 84.4 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |