Grade 31 Titanium vs. Type 3 Niobium
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while Type 3 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is Type 3 niobium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 100 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 23 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.4 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 38 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 220 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 140 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 310 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 270 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 7.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 8.6 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 160 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 93 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 6.8 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 7.2 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 9.5 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Hafnium (Hf), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.0015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 98.6 to 99.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |