Grade 4 Titanium vs. EN 1.4028 Stainless Steel
Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.4028 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.4028 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 230 to 400 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 390 | |
| 410 to 550 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 640 | |
| 660 to 930 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 530 | |
| 390 to 730 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 760 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1400 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 19 | |
| 30 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.1 | |
| 2.8 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.3 | |
| 3.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 7.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 27 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 94 to 96 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1330 | |
| 380 to 1360 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 40 | |
| 24 to 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 37 | |
| 22 to 27 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.6 | |
| 8.1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 46 | |
| 23 to 32 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.26 to 0.35 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 12 to 14 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 83.1 to 87.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.6 to 100 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |