Grade 4 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1016 Steel
Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1016 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1016 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 | |
| 120 to 140 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 21 to 28 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 180 to 270 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 45 to 57 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 390 | |
| 280 to 300 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 640 | |
| 430 to 480 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 530 | |
| 240 to 390 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 19 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.1 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.3 | |
| 8.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 92 to 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1330 | |
| 150 to 410 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 40 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 37 | |
| 16 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.6 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 46 | |
| 13 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.13 to 0.18 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 98.8 to 99.27 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.6 to 100 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |