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Grade 9 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI P21 Steel

Grade 9 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI P21 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 9 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 40
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 700 to 960
1130

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1640
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1590
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 550
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 8.1
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.1
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 1.4
7.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.7
9.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 37
6.5
Density, g/cm3 4.5
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 36
2.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 580
32
Embodied Water, L/kg 150
62

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 43 to 60
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 39 to 48
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.3
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 52 to 71
37

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.18 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0 to 0.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
1.1 to 1.3
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.25
92.1 to 94.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.35 to 0.72
Nickel (Ni), % 0
3.9 to 4.3
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.15
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.2 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 92.6 to 95.5
0
Vanadium (V), % 2.0 to 3.0
0.15 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0