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Hardened AISI 416 vs. Hardened AISI 431

Both hardened AISI 416 and hardened AISI 431 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the hardened (H) condition. They have a very high 95% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 33 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is hardened AISI 416 and the bottom bar is hardened AISI 431.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 320
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 13
15
Fatigue Strength, MPa 340
610
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 76
77
Shear Strength, MPa 480
840
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 800
1380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 600
1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
280
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 390
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 680
850
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1530
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1480
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 30
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.9
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.9
2.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 3.3
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 7.0
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.9
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 27
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
120

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 13
16
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98
180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 940
2770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 29
50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25
36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.1
7.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 30
43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.15
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 12 to 14
15 to 17
Iron (Fe), % 83.2 to 87.9
78.2 to 83.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.3
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.3 to 2.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.060
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.030