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Hardened SAE-AISI A2 vs. Hardened SAE-AISI A3

Both hardened SAE-AISI A2 and hardened SAE-AISI A3 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the hardened (H) condition. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is hardened SAE-AISI A2 and the bottom bar is hardened SAE-AISI A3.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Rockwell C Hardness 63
66
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 2040
2150

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
260
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 38
37
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 8.2
8.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.5
9.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 5.5
6.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.7
4.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 38
67
Embodied Water, L/kg 73
78

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 8.9
8.9
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 73
77
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 46
48
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10
10
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 71
70

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 1.0 to 1.1
1.2 to 1.3
Chromium (Cr), % 4.8 to 5.5
4.8 to 5.5
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 89.4 to 93.3
88.7 to 92
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.0
0.4 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.4
0.9 to 1.4
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.5
0.8 to 1.4