Monel 400 vs. ASTM Grade HL Steel
Monel 400 belongs to the nickel alloys classification, while ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys. They have a modest 23% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is Monel 400 and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HL steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 160 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 to 40 | |
| 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 230 to 290 | |
| 150 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 62 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 540 to 780 | |
| 500 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 210 to 590 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 320 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1000 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1350 | |
| 1390 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1300 | |
| 1340 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 430 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 14 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 50 | |
| 27 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.9 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 7.9 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 110 | |
| 65 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 250 | |
| 210 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 140 to 180 | |
| 48 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 140 to 1080 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 10 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 21 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 25 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 to 21 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 17 to 25 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0.2 to 0.6 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 28 to 34 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 2.5 | |
| 40.8 to 53.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 63 to 72 | |
| 18 to 22 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.024 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |