SAE-AISI 1090 Steel vs. Grade 21 Titanium
SAE-AISI 1090 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1090 steel and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 9.0 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 320 to 380 | |
| 550 to 660 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 to 45 | |
| 22 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 51 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 470 to 570 | |
| 550 to 790 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 790 to 950 | |
| 890 to 1340 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 520 to 610 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 240 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1740 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1690 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 500 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 50 | |
| 7.5 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 7.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 5.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 32 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 490 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 82 to 91 | |
| 110 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 730 to 1000 | |
| 2760 to 5010 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 34 | |
| 46 to 69 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 27 | |
| 38 to 50 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
| 2.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 25 to 31 | |
| 66 to 100 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.85 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98 to 98.6 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 14 to 16 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 2.2 to 3.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.17 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 76 to 81.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |