SAE-AISI 1090 (1.1273, G10900) Carbon Steel
SAE-AISI 1090 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1090 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. 1.1273 is the EN numeric designation. And G10900 is the UNS number.
It can have a fairly high tensile strength and has a fairly low ductility among wrought carbon or non-alloy steels.
The properties of SAE-AISI 1090 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare SAE-AISI 1090 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
220 to 280
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
11 %
Fatigue Strength
320 to 380 MPa 47 to 55 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
28 to 45 %
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
470 to 570 MPa 69 to 82 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
790 to 950 MPa 110 to 140 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
520 to 610 MPa 76 to 88 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
240 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1450 °C 2650 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1410 °C 2570 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
50 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.1 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.2 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg 8.0 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
46 L/kg 5.5 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
82 to 91 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
730 to 1000 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
28 to 34 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
24 to 27 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
25 to 31 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 98 to 98.6 | |
| C | 0.85 to 1.0 | |
| Mn | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| S | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015