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SAE-AISI 1140 Steel vs. 5059 Aluminum

SAE-AISI 1140 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 5059 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1140 steel and the bottom bar is 5059 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
69
Elongation at Break, % 14 to 18
11 to 25
Fatigue Strength, MPa 230 to 370
170 to 240
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
26
Shear Strength, MPa 370 to 420
220 to 250
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 600 to 700
350 to 410
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 340 to 570
170 to 300

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
390
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
210
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
650
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
510
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
110
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
29
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
95

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
9.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
160
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
1160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 89 to 93
42 to 75
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 310 to 870
220 to 650
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21 to 25
36 to 42
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20 to 22
41 to 45
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
44
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18 to 21
16 to 18

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
89.9 to 94
Carbon (C), % 0.37 to 0.44
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0 to 0.25
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 98.4 to 98.9
0 to 0.5
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
5.0 to 6.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 1.0
0.6 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 0.45
Sulfur (S), % 0.080 to 0.13
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.2
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0.4 to 0.9
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0.050 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15