SAE-AISI 4320 Steel vs. AISI 416 Stainless Steel
Both SAE-AISI 4320 steel and AISI 416 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 87% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4320 steel and the bottom bar is AISI 416 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 160 to 240 | |
| 230 to 320 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 to 29 | |
| 13 to 31 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 230 to 340 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 370 to 500 | |
| 340 to 480 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 570 to 790 | |
| 510 to 800 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 430 to 460 | |
| 290 to 600 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 680 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1530 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1480 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 46 | |
| 30 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 9.9 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.4 | |
| 2.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.5 | |
| 3.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 3.4 | |
| 7.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.7 | |
| 1.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 22 | |
| 27 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 52 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 140 to 150 | |
| 98 to 140 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 480 to 560 | |
| 220 to 940 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 20 to 28 | |
| 18 to 29 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 19 to 24 | |
| 18 to 25 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
| 8.1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 to 27 | |
| 19 to 30 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.17 to 0.22 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.4 to 0.6 | |
| 12 to 14 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 95.8 to 97 | |
| 83.2 to 87.9 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.45 to 0.65 | |
| 0 to 1.3 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 1.7 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.060 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |