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SAE-AISI P21 Steel vs. Grade 25 Titanium

SAE-AISI P21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 25 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel and the bottom bar is grade 25 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
40
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1130
1000

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1610
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1560
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
560
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
7.1
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
9.6

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.9
1.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.0
2.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.9
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.3
43
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 32
700
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
320

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 40
62
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
50
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
2.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 37
71

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
5.5 to 6.8
Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.22
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.5
0
Cobalt (Co), % 1.1 to 1.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.013
Iron (Fe), % 92.1 to 94.2
0 to 0.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.35 to 0.72
0
Nickel (Ni), % 3.9 to 4.3
0.3 to 0.8
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.2
Palladium (Pd), % 0
0.040 to 0.080
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.4
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
86.7 to 90.6
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.25
3.5 to 4.5
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4