Grade 25 (R56403) Titanium
Grade 25 titanium is a titanium alloy formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. R56403 is the UNS number for this material. Additionally, the ASTM designation is Titanium Grade 25.
It has a moderately high heat capacity among wrought titaniums. In addition, it has a moderately low melting temperature and a moderately high embodied energy.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare grade 25 titanium to: wrought titaniums (top), all titanium alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 15 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
11 %
Fatigue Strength
550 MPa 80 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.32
Reduction in Area
29 %
Shear Modulus
40 GPa 5.8 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
600 MPa 87 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
1000 MPa 150 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
940 MPa 140 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
410 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
340 °C 640 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1610 °C 2920 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1560 °C 2830 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
560 J/kg-K 0.13 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
7.1 W/m-K 4.1 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
9.6 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
1.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.0 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Density
4.5 g/cm3 280 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
43 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
700 MJ/kg 300 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
320 L/kg 38 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
110 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
4220 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
35 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
62 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
50 points
Thermal Diffusivity
2.8 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
71 points
Alloy Composition
| Ti | 86.7 to 90.6 | |
| Al | 5.5 to 6.8 | |
| V | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| Ni | 0.3 to 0.8 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.4 | |
| O | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Pd | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| C | 0 to 0.080 | |
| N | 0 to 0.050 | |
| H | 0 to 0.013 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.4 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
Titanium Alloys: Modelling of Microstructure, Properties, and Applications, Wei Sha and Savko Malinov, 2009
ASTM B861: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe
ASTM B381: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings
ASTM B265: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
ASTM B348: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Christoph Leyens and Manfred Peters (editors), 2003
Titanium, 2nd ed., G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, 2007
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015