C94100 Bronze vs. C84400 Valve Metal
Both C94100 bronze and C84400 valve metal are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 88% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94100 bronze and the bottom bar is C84400 valve metal.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 92 | |
| 100 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 7.8 | |
| 19 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.36 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 34 | |
| 39 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 190 | |
| 230 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 130 | |
| 110 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 160 | |
| 180 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 130 | |
| 160 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 870 | |
| 1000 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 790 | |
| 840 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 330 | |
| 370 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 20 | |
| 19 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 9.0 | |
| 16 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.8 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 29 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.2 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.0 | |
| 2.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 48 | |
| 46 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 370 | |
| 340 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 14 | |
| 36 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 97 | |
| 58 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 5.5 | |
| 6.6 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 16 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 5.8 | |
| 7.2 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 8.1 | |
| 9.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 7.6 | |
| 8.3 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 72 to 79 | |
| 78 to 82 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 6.0 to 8.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 4.5 to 6.5 | |
| 2.3 to 3.5 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 7.0 to 10 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |