C99400 Brass vs. ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel
C99400 brass belongs to the copper alloys classification, while ASTM A387 grade 12 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C99400 brass and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 120 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 44 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 460 to 550 | |
| 470 to 520 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 230 to 370 | |
| 260 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 230 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 200 | |
| 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1070 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1020 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 400 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 17 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 17 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 30 | |
| 2.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.7 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.8 | |
| 1.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 21 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 310 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 230 to 590 | |
| 180 to 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.5 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 15 to 17 | |
| 16 to 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 15 to 17 | |
| 17 to 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 16 to 19 | |
| 14 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0.5 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.050 to 0.17 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 83.5 to 96.5 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 1.0 to 3.0 | |
| 97 to 98.2 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.4 to 0.65 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.45 to 0.6 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 1.0 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.5 to 2.0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0.5 to 5.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |