354.0-T61 Cast Aluminum
354.0-T61 aluminum is 354.0 aluminum in the T61 temper. To achieve this temper, the metal is solution heat-treated and artificially underaged. The degree of underaging is different from T64 and T65. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 354.0-T61 aluminum to: ANSI/AA cast aluminums (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
71 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
3.0 %
Fatigue Strength
92 MPa 13 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.33
Shear Modulus
27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
360 MPa 52 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
280 MPa 40 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
530 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
170 °C 340 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
600 °C 1110 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
550 °C 1030 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
900 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
130 W/m-K 72 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
21 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
32 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
110 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
9.5 % relative
Density
2.7 g/cm3 170 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
7.8 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 63 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
1070 L/kg 130 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
9.8 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
540 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
15 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
52 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
37 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
42 points
Thermal Diffusivity
52 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
17 points
Alloy Composition
| Al | 87.3 to 89.4 | |
| Si | 8.6 to 9.4 | |
| Cu | 1.6 to 2.0 | |
| Mg | 0.4 to 0.6 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Mn | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Zn | 0 to 0.1 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.15 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM B686: Standard Specification for Aluminum Alloy Castings, High-Strength
ASTM B108: Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Permanent Mold Castings
Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch (editor), 1984
Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM Handbook vol. 2, ASM International, 1993
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015