ASTM A182 Grade F36 (K21001) Steel
ASTM A182 grade F36 is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the normalized and tempered condition. F36 is the ASTM designation for this material. K21001 is the UNS number.
It has a very low ductility among wrought alloy steels in the same category. In addition, it has a moderately low thermal conductivity and a fairly high tensile strength.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A182 grade F36 to: wrought alloy steels in the same category (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
220
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
17 %
Fatigue Strength
330 MPa 48 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
440 MPa 63 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
710 MPa 100 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
490 MPa 71 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
410 °C 770 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
39 W/m-K 22 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.6 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.6 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
3.4 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.7 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
22 MJ/kg 9.6 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
53 L/kg 6.3 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
110 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
650 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
25 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 points
Thermal Diffusivity
10 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
21 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of ASTM A182 grade F36 is notable for including niobium (Nb) and nitrogen (N). Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength. Nitrogen has a substantial strengthening effect, but may contribute to strain aging unless the steel is deoxidized with aluminum.
| Fe | 95 to 97.1 | |
| Ni | 1.0 to 1.3 | |
| Mn | 0.8 to 1.2 | |
| Cu | 0.5 to 0.8 | |
| Si | 0.25 to 0.5 | |
| Mo | 0.25 to 0.5 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0.1 to 0.17 | |
| Nb | 0.015 to 0.045 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.025 | |
| N | 0 to 0.020 | |
| V | 0 to 0.020 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service