ASTM A182 Grade F3VCb (K31390) Steel
ASTM A182 grade F3VCb is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. F3VCb is the ASTM designation for this material. K31390 is the UNS number.
It has a fairly high embodied energy among wrought alloy steels in the same category. In addition, it has a moderately high base cost and a moderately high electrical conductivity.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A182 grade F3VCb to: wrought alloy steels in the same category (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
21 %
Fatigue Strength
320 MPa 47 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
50 %
Shear Modulus
74 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
420 MPa 61 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
670 MPa 97 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
460 MPa 67 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
470 °C 890 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1470 °C 2680 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1430 °C 2600 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
40 W/m-K 23 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.7 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.9 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
4.5 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
33 MJ/kg 14 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
64 L/kg 7.6 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
6.3
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
120 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
570 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
24 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of ASTM A182 grade F3VCb is notable for including titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb). Titanium is used to broadly improve mechanical properties. Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength.
| Fe | 93.8 to 95.8 | |
| Cr | 2.7 to 3.3 | |
| Mo | 0.9 to 1.1 | |
| Mn | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| V | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0.1 to 0.15 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.25 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.25 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Nb | 0.015 to 0.070 | |
| P | 0 to 0.020 | |
| Ca | 0.00050 to 0.015 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.015 | |
| S | 0 to 0.010 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service