EN 1.8523 (40CrMoV13-9) Nitriding Steel
EN 1.8523 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.8523 is the EN numeric designation for this material. 40CrMoV13-9 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a fairly low thermal conductivity among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a very high embodied energy and a fairly high base cost.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8523 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
300
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
15 %
Fatigue Strength
530 MPa 76 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
36 J 26 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
74 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
610 MPa 89 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
1000 MPa 150 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
800 MPa 120 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
260 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
480 °C 890 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
39 W/m-K 22 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.8 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
9.0 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
4.2 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.2 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
31 MJ/kg 13 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
64 L/kg 7.6 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
6.4
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
140 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
1700 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
36 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
28 points
Thermal Diffusivity
10 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
29 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8523 steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of chromium (Cr) and including vanadium (V). Chromium is used to improve corrosion resistance and most mechanical properties (particularly at higher temperatures). Vanadium has a strong hardening effect, but this effect is particularly sensitive to the type of tempering.
| Fe | 93.5 to 95.7 | |
| Cr | 3.0 to 3.5 | |
| Mo | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| Mn | 0.4 to 0.7 | |
| C | 0.35 to 0.45 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| V | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| S | 0 to 0.035 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ISO 683-5: Heat treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels - Part 5: Nitriding steels
EN 10250-3: Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 3: Alloy special steels
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015