Annealed Grade 23 Titanium
Annealed grade 23 titanium is grade 23 titanium in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed grade 23 titanium to: wrought titaniums (top), all titanium alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 15 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
11 %
Fatigue Strength
500 MPa 72 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.32
Reduction in Area
30 %
Rockwell C Hardness
32
Shear Modulus
40 GPa 5.8 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
570 MPa 82 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
940 MPa 140 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
850 MPa 120 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
410 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
340 °C 640 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1610 °C 2930 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1560 °C 2840 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
560 J/kg-K 0.13 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
7.1 W/m-K 4.1 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
9.4 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
1.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.0 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
36 % relative
Density
4.4 g/cm3 280 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
38 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
610 MJ/kg 260 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
200 L/kg 23 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
100 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
3430 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
35 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
59 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
48 points
Thermal Diffusivity
2.9 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
68 points
Alloy Composition
| Ti | 88.1 to 91 | |
| Al | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| V | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.25 | |
| O | 0 to 0.13 | |
| C | 0 to 0.080 | |
| N | 0 to 0.030 | |
| H | 0 to 0.013 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.4 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ISO 5832-3: Implants for surgery - Metallic materials - Part 3: Wrought titanium 6-aluminium 4-vanadium alloy
Titanium Alloys: Modelling of Microstructure, Properties, and Applications, Wei Sha and Savko Malinov, 2009
ASTM B861: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe
ASTM B381: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings
ASTM B265: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
ASTM B348: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Christoph Leyens and Manfred Peters (editors), 2003
Titanium, 2nd ed., G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, 2007
Environmental Degradation of Advanced and Traditional Engineering Materials, Lloyd H. Hihara et al., 2014.