Cold Worked and Stress Relieved Grade 9 Titanium
Cold worked and stress relieved grade 9 titanium is grade 9 titanium in the cold worked and stress relieved condition. It has the highest strength and lowest ductility compared to the other variants of grade 9 titanium.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare cold worked and stress relieved grade 9 titanium to: wrought titaniums (top), all titanium alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 15 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
11 %
Fatigue Strength
480 MPa 70 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.32
Reduction in Area
28 %
Shear Modulus
40 GPa 5.8 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
580 MPa 84 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
960 MPa 140 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
830 MPa 120 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
410 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
330 °C 630 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1640 °C 2980 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1590 °C 2890 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
550 J/kg-K 0.13 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
8.1 W/m-K 4.7 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
9.1 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
1.4 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.7 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
37 % relative
Density
4.5 g/cm3 280 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
36 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
580 MJ/kg 250 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
150 L/kg 18 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
100 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
3220 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
35 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
60 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
48 points
Thermal Diffusivity
3.3 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
71 points
Alloy Composition
| Ti | 92.6 to 95.5 | |
| Al | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| V | 2.0 to 3.0 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.25 | |
| O | 0 to 0.15 | |
| C | 0 to 0.080 | |
| N | 0 to 0.030 | |
| H | 0 to 0.015 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.4 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM B861: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe
ASTM B381: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings
ASTM B265: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
ASTM B348: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Christoph Leyens and Manfred Peters (editors), 2003
Titanium, 2nd ed., G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, 2007
Aerospace Materials, Brian Cantor et al. (editors), 2001
Sintering of Advanced Materials: Fundamentals and Processes, Zhigang Zak Fang (editor), 2010
Environmental Degradation of Advanced and Traditional Engineering Materials, Lloyd H. Hihara et al., 2014.
Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012