EN 1.0478 (P285QH) Non-Alloy Steel
EN 1.0478 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.0478 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P285QH is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately high embodied energy among wrought carbon or non-alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high base cost and a moderately high electrical conductivity.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.0478 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
130
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
24 %
Fatigue Strength
170 MPa 25 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
280 MPa 41 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
440 MPa 64 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
230 MPa 34 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
49 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.2 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
20 MJ/kg 8.6 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
48 L/kg 5.8 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
90 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
150 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
16 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
16 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
14 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 96.9 to 99.4 | |
| Mn | 0.6 to 1.4 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.2 | |
| C | 0 to 0.18 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.080 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.060 | |
| V | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Nb | 0 to 0.030 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 | |
| N | 0 to 0.020 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10222-4: Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 4: Weldable fine-grain steels with high proof strength
Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015