EN 1.4594 (X5CrNiMoCuNb14-5) Stainless Steel
EN 1.4594 stainless steel is a precipitation-hardening stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1.4594 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X5CrNiMoCuNb14-5 is the EN chemical designation.
It can have a moderately low tensile strength among the wrought precipitation-hardening stainless steels in the database.
The properties of EN 1.4594 stainless steel include four common variations. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare EN 1.4594 stainless steel to: wrought precipitation-hardening stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
11 to 17 %
Fatigue Strength
490 to 620 MPa 71 to 91 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
620 to 700 MPa 91 to 100 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
1020 to 1170 MPa 150 to 170 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
810 to 1140 MPa 120 to 170 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
280 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
450 °C 840 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
820 °C 1510 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1450 °C 2640 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1410 °C 2560 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
16 W/m-K 9.5 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
11 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.5 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
15 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.2 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
45 MJ/kg 19 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
130 L/kg 15 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
19
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
110 to 190 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
1660 to 3320 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
36 to 41 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
29 to 31 points
Thermal Diffusivity
4.4 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
34 to 39 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4594 stainless steel is notable for including niobium (Nb) and copper (Cu). Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength, particularly at elevated temperatures. Copper is used to improve resistance to acids, and to improve formability.
| Fe | 72.6 to 79.5 | |
| Cr | 13 to 15 | |
| Ni | 5.0 to 6.0 | |
| Mo | 1.2 to 2.0 | |
| Cu | 1.2 to 2.0 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Nb | 0.15 to 0.6 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.7 | |
| C | 0 to 0.070 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
Machining of Stainless Steels and Super Alloys: Traditional and Nontraditional Techniques, Helmi A. Youssef, 2016
EN 10088-3: Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012
Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010