EN 1.8828 (P420ML2) Steel
EN 1.8828 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the thermomechanically rolled condition. 1.8828 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P420ML2 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately high thermal conductivity and a fairly low tensile strength among EN wrought alloy steels.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8828 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
22 %
Fatigue Strength
310 MPa 45 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
110 J 83 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
370 MPa 53 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
580 MPa 84 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
440 MPa 64 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 760 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
49 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.4 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.3 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.6 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
21 MJ/kg 9.2 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
120 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
530 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
21 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
20 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
17 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8828 steel is notable for including titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb). Titanium is used to broadly improve mechanical properties. Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength.
| Fe | 96.7 to 99.98 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.7 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.5 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.5 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.2 | |
| C | 0 to 0.16 | |
| V | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Al | 0.020 to 0.040 | |
| Nb | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.020 | |
| N | 0 to 0.020 | |
| S | 0 to 0.0050 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10028-5: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 5: Weldable fine grain steels, thermomechanically rolled
Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed., Sindo Kou, 2003
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015