EN 1.8831 (P460ML2) Steel
EN 1.8831 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the thermomechanically rolled condition. 1.8831 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P460ML2 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately high thermal conductivity and a moderately low tensile strength among EN wrought alloy steels.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8831 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
19 %
Fatigue Strength
330 MPa 48 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
110 J 84 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
390 MPa 56 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
630 MPa 91 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
480 MPa 70 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 760 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
49 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.4 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.3 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.6 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
21 MJ/kg 9.2 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
110 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
620 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
22 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
21 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
18 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8831 steel is notable for including titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb). Titanium is used to broadly improve mechanical properties. Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength.
| Fe | 96.6 to 99.98 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.7 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.6 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.5 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.2 | |
| C | 0 to 0.16 | |
| V | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Al | 0.020 to 0.040 | |
| Nb | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.020 | |
| N | 0 to 0.020 | |
| S | 0 to 0.0050 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10028-5: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 5: Weldable fine grain steels, thermomechanically rolled
Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed., Sindo Kou, 2003
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015