EN 1.8935 (P460NH) Steel
EN 1.8935 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the normalized condition. 1.8935 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P460NH is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately high embodied energy and a moderately low tensile strength among EN wrought alloy steels.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8935 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
19 %
Fatigue Strength
330 MPa 49 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
71 J 52 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
400 MPa 58 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
640 MPa 93 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
490 MPa 71 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 760 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
46 W/m-K 27 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.5 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.6 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.5 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.7 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
24 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
51 L/kg 6.1 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
110 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
640 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
23 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
21 points
Thermal Diffusivity
12 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8935 steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of manganese (Mn) and including niobium (Nb). Manganese is used to improve hardenability, hot workability, and surface quality. There is some loss of ductility and weldability, however. Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength.
| Fe | 95.2 to 98.9 | |
| Mn | 1.1 to 1.7 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.8 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.7 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.6 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0 to 0.2 | |
| V | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Al | 0.020 to 0.050 | |
| Nb | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.030 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 | |
| N | 0 to 0.025 | |
| S | 0 to 0.010 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10028-3: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels, normalized
Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed., Sindo Kou, 2003
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015