EN 1.8936 (P420QH) Nickel Steel
EN 1.8936 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.8936 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P420QH is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately low thermal conductivity among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high embodied energy and a moderately low tensile strength.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8936 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
20 %
Fatigue Strength
250 MPa 37 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
370 MPa 54 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
600 MPa 86 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
370 MPa 54 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
410 °C 760 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
40 W/m-K 23 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.5 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.6 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.5 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.7 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
24 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
50 L/kg 6.0 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
100 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
370 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
21 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
20 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
17 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8936 steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of manganese (Mn) and including niobium (Nb). Manganese is used to improve hardenability, hot workability, and surface quality. There is some loss of ductility and weldability, however. Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength.
| Fe | 95.5 to 98.9 | |
| Mn | 1.0 to 1.7 | |
| Ni | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Si | 0.1 to 0.6 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.2 | |
| V | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.060 | |
| Nb | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 | |
| N | 0 to 0.020 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10222-4: Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 4: Weldable fine-grain steels with high proof strength
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015