SAE-AISI 9310 (1.6657, G93106) Ni-Cr-Mo Steel
SAE-AISI 9310 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 9310 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. 1.6657 is the EN numeric designation. And G93106 is the UNS number.
It has the highest base cost among SAE-AISI wrought steels. In addition, it has a moderately high electrical conductivity and a moderately high embodied energy.
The properties of SAE-AISI 9310 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare SAE-AISI 9310 steel to: SAE-AISI wrought steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
540 to 610
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
17 to 19 %
Fatigue Strength
300 to 390 MPa 43 to 56 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Rockwell B Hardness
240 to 270
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
510 to 570 MPa 73 to 82 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
820 to 910 MPa 120 to 130 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
450 to 570 MPa 65 to 83 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
440 °C 820 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
48 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.7 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.9 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
4.4 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.8 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
24 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
57 L/kg 6.8 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
120 to 150 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
540 to 860 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
29 to 32 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
25 to 27 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
24 to 27 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of SAE-AISI 9310 steel is notable for including nickel (Ni) and containing a comparatively high amount of chromium (Cr). Nickel is used to improve mechanical properties, and to make the alloy easier to heat treat. Chromium is used to improve corrosion resistance and most mechanical properties (particularly at higher temperatures).
| Fe | 93.8 to 95.2 | |
| Ni | 3.0 to 3.5 | |
| Cr | 1.0 to 1.4 | |
| Mn | 0.45 to 0.65 | |
| Si | 0.2 to 0.35 | |
| Mo | 0.080 to 0.15 | |
| C | 0.080 to 0.13 | |
| P | 0 to 0.015 | |
| S | 0 to 0.012 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A646: Standard Specification for Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings
Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015