SAE-AISI T1 (T12001) Tungsten High-Speed Steel

SAE-AISI T1 steel is a tool steel. T1 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. T12001 is the UNS number.

The properties of SAE-AISI T1 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare SAE-AISI T1 steel to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Annealed T1 Tool Steel Hardened T1 Tool Steel

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 30 x 10⁶ psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

80 GPa 12 x 10⁶ psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

770 to 2130 MPa 110 to 310 x 10³ psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

240 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1810 °C 3280 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1750 °C 3180 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

410 J/kg-K 0.1 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

20 W/m-K 12 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

45 % relative

Density

9.3 g/cm³ 580 lb/ft³

Embodied Carbon

8.2 kg CO₂/kg material

Embodied Energy

130 MJ/kg 54 x 10³ BTU/lb

Embodied Water

90 L/kg 11 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

12 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

21 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

23 to 64 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 to 40 points

Thermal Diffusivity

5.2 mm²/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

23 to 64 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe		73.2 to 77.2
Tungsten (W)W		17.3 to 18.8
Chromium (Cr)Cr		3.8 to 4.5
Vanadium (V)V		0.9 to 1.3
Carbon (C)C		0.65 to 0.8
Silicon (Si)Si		0.2 to 0.4
Manganese (Mn)Mn		0.1 to 0.4
Nickel (Ni)Ni		0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu		0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S		0 to 0.030