3104 Aluminum vs. ASTM A514 Steel
3104 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A514 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 3104 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A514 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 70 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 1.1 to 20 | |
| 18 to 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 74 to 130 | |
| 470 to 540 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 26 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 110 to 180 | |
| 490 to 520 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 170 to 310 | |
| 790 to 830 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 68 to 270 | |
| 690 to 770 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 400 | |
| 250 to 260 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 180 | |
| 400 to 440 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 650 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 600 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 900 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 160 | |
| 37 to 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 41 | |
| 7.2 to 7.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 130 | |
| 8.3 to 8.8 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 9.5 | |
| 2.3 to 3.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 2.8 | |
| 7.8 to 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 8.4 | |
| 1.6 to 1.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 21 to 25 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1180 | |
| 48 to 57 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 1.6 to 60 | |
| 140 to 170 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 34 to 540 | |
| 1280 to 1590 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 50 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 31 | |
| 28 to 29 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 25 to 37 | |
| 24 to 25 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 64 | |
| 10 to 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 7.6 to 13 | |
| 23 to 24 |