3104 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 1212 Steel
3104 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1212 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 3104 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1212 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 70 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 1.1 to 20 | |
| 11 to 28 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 74 to 130 | |
| 200 to 290 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 26 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 110 to 180 | |
| 280 to 370 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 170 to 310 | |
| 440 to 620 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 68 to 270 | |
| 260 to 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 400 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 180 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 650 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 600 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 900 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 160 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 41 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 130 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 9.5 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 2.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 8.4 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1180 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 1.6 to 60 | |
| 64 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 34 to 540 | |
| 180 to 560 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 50 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 31 | |
| 15 to 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 25 to 37 | |
| 16 to 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 64 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 7.6 to 13 | |
| 14 to 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 95.1 to 98.4 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.13 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0.050 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Gallium (Ga), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 98.5 to 99.07 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0.8 to 1.3 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.8 to 1.4 | |
| 0.7 to 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0.070 to 0.12 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0.16 to 0.23 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |