ASTM A182 Grade F23 vs. Grade 31 Titanium
ASTM A182 grade F23 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A182 grade F23 and the bottom bar is grade 31 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 22 | |
| 20 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 300 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 46 | |
| 34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 41 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 360 | |
| 320 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 570 | |
| 510 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 460 | |
| 450 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 450 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1500 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 41 | |
| 21 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 8.7 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.8 | |
| 3.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.9 | |
| 6.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.0 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.5 | |
| 36 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 36 | |
| 600 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 59 | |
| 230 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 99 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 550 | |
| 940 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 20 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
| 32 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 11 | |
| 8.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 17 | |
| 39 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Boron (B), % | 0.0010 to 0.0060 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.040 to 0.1 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 1.9 to 2.6 | |
| 0 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.8 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 93.2 to 96.2 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.1 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.050 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0.020 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.35 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0 | |
| 0.040 to 0.080 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0.0050 to 0.060 | |
| 97.9 to 99.76 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 1.5 to 1.8 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |