EN 1.4560 (X3CrNiCu19-9-2) Stainless Steel
EN 1.4560 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the solution annealed (AT) condition. 1.4560 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X3CrNiCu19-9-2 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a fairly low tensile strength among wrought austenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a fairly high ductility and a moderately low embodied energy.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4560 stainless steel to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
50 %
Fatigue Strength
190 MPa 27 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
91 J 67 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
77 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
390 MPa 57 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
550 MPa 80 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
190 MPa 28 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
290 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
420 °C 780 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
940 °C 1730 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1420 °C 2580 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1370 °C 2500 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
15 W/m-K 8.7 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
16 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.4 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.8 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
15 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
42 MJ/kg 18 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
150 L/kg 18 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
19
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
220 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
92 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
20 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
19 points
Thermal Diffusivity
4.0 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
12 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4560 stainless steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of manganese (Mn) and including copper (Cu). Manganese is used to improve ductility at elevated temperatures. It also permits a higher nitrogen content than would otherwise be possible. Copper is used to improve resistance to acids, and to improve formability.
| Fe | 66.8 to 71 | |
| Cr | 18 to 19 | |
| Ni | 8.0 to 9.0 | |
| Mn | 1.5 to 2.0 | |
| Cu | 1.5 to 2.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| N | 0 to 0.1 | |
| P | 0 to 0.045 | |
| C | 0 to 0.035 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10088-3: Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010