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Grade 31 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1049 Steel

Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1049 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1049 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
190
Elongation at Break, % 20
11 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 300
250 to 400
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 34
34 to 46
Shear Modulus, GPa 41
72
Shear Strength, MPa 320
420 to 450
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 510
680 to 750
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 450
370 to 640

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 320
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 21
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 8.7
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.4
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 6.9
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 4.5
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 36
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 600
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 230
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 99
75 to 99
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 940
370 to 1090
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 32
24 to 27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 32
22 to 23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.5
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 39
22 to 24

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.46 to 0.53
Cobalt (Co), % 0.2 to 0.8
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.3
98.5 to 98.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.6 to 0.9
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.050
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.35
0
Palladium (Pd), % 0.040 to 0.080
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 97.9 to 99.76
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0