Grade 31 Titanium vs. C94100 Bronze
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while C94100 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is C94100 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 92 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 7.8 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.36 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 34 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 190 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 130 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 160 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 130 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 870 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 790 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 330 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 20 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 9.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 8.8 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 9.2 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 3.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 48 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 370 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 14 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 97 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 5.5 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 16 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 5.8 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 8.1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 7.6 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 72 to 79 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 18 to 22 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 4.5 to 6.5 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.3 |