Grade 5 Titanium vs. Grade 23 Titanium
Both grade 5 titanium and grade 23 titanium are titanium alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 5 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 23 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 8.6 to 11 | |
| 6.7 to 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 530 to 630 | |
| 470 to 500 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 21 to 25 | |
| 30 |
| Rockwell C Hardness | 33 | |
| 32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 600 to 710 | |
| 540 to 570 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1000 to 1190 | |
| 930 to 940 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 910 to 1110 | |
| 850 to 870 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 330 | |
| 340 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1650 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 560 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 6.8 | |
| 7.1 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.9 | |
| 9.4 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 1.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 2.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 4.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 38 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 610 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 to 110 | |
| 61 to 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3980 to 5880 | |
| 3430 to 3560 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 62 to 75 | |
| 58 to 59 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 50 to 56 | |
| 48 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.7 | |
| 2.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 76 to 91 | |
| 67 to 68 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.8 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.013 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 to 0.13 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 87.4 to 91 | |
| 88.1 to 91 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Yttrium (Y), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |