Grade 9 Titanium vs. EN 1.4594 Stainless Steel
Grade 9 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.4594 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 9 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.4594 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 17 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 480 | |
| 490 to 620 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 430 to 580 | |
| 620 to 700 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 700 to 960 | |
| 1020 to 1170 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 540 to 830 | |
| 810 to 1140 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 330 | |
| 820 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1640 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1590 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 8.1 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.1 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.4 | |
| 2.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.7 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 15 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 3.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 580 | |
| 45 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 150 | |
| 130 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 89 to 110 | |
| 110 to 190 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1380 to 3220 | |
| 1660 to 3320 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 43 to 60 | |
| 36 to 41 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 39 to 48 | |
| 29 to 31 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.3 | |
| 4.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 52 to 71 | |
| 34 to 39 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.070 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 13 to 15 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 1.2 to 2.0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 72.6 to 79.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 1.2 to 2.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 5.0 to 6.0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.6 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 92.6 to 95.5 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.0 to 3.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |