Monel 400 vs. Grade 23 Titanium
Monel 400 belongs to the nickel alloys classification, while grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is Monel 400 and the bottom bar is grade 23 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 160 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 to 40 | |
| 6.7 to 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 230 to 290 | |
| 470 to 500 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 62 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 370 to 490 | |
| 540 to 570 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 540 to 780 | |
| 930 to 940 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 210 to 590 | |
| 850 to 870 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1000 | |
| 340 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1350 | |
| 1610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1300 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 430 | |
| 560 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 23 | |
| 7.1 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 14 | |
| 9.4 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 1.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 2.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 50 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.9 | |
| 4.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 7.9 | |
| 38 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 110 | |
| 610 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 250 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 140 to 180 | |
| 61 to 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 140 to 1080 | |
| 3430 to 3560 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 10 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 21 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 25 | |
| 58 to 59 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 to 21 | |
| 48 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 6.1 | |
| 2.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 17 to 25 | |
| 67 to 68 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 28 to 34 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.013 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 2.5 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 63 to 72 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.13 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.024 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 88.1 to 91 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |