3104-H12 Aluminum
3104-H12 aluminum is 3104 aluminum in the H12 temper. To achieve this temper, the metal is strain hardened to a strength that is roughly a quarter of the way between annealed (O) and full-hard (H18). The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 3104-H12 aluminum to: 3000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
70 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
5.6 %
Fatigue Strength
120 MPa 17 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.33
Shear Modulus
26 GPa 3.8 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
130 MPa 18 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
220 MPa 32 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
170 MPa 24 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
400 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
180 °C 360 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
650 °C 1200 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
600 °C 1120 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
900 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
160 W/m-K 91 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
23 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
41 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
130 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
9.5 % relative
Density
2.8 g/cm3 170 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
8.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 66 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
1180 L/kg 140 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
11 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
200 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
50 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
22 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
29 points
Thermal Diffusivity
64 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
9.6 points
Alloy Composition
| Al | 95.1 to 98.4 | |
| Mn | 0.8 to 1.4 | |
| Mg | 0.8 to 1.3 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.8 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.6 | |
| Cu | 0.050 to 0.25 | |
| Zn | 0 to 0.25 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.1 | |
| V | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Ga | 0 to 0.050 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.15 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch (editor), 1984
ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, J. R. Davis (editor), 1993
ISO 6361-2: Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys - Sheets, strips and plates - Part 2: Mechanical properties
EN 573-3: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products. Chemical composition and form of products