3104-H28 Aluminum
3104-H28 aluminum is 3104 aluminum in the H28 temper. This is the strongest temper normally produced through the action of strain hardening followed by partial annealing. It is closely related to H18. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 3104-H28 aluminum to: 3000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
70 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
1.1 %
Fatigue Strength
96 MPa 14 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.33
Shear Modulus
26 GPa 3.8 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
170 MPa 24 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
300 MPa 43 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
250 MPa 36 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
400 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
180 °C 360 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
650 °C 1200 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
600 °C 1120 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
900 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
160 W/m-K 91 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
23 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
41 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
130 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
9.5 % relative
Density
2.8 g/cm3 170 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
8.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 66 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
1180 L/kg 140 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
3.1 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
430 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
50 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
30 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
36 points
Thermal Diffusivity
64 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
13 points
Alloy Composition
| Al | 95.1 to 98.4 | |
| Mn | 0.8 to 1.4 | |
| Mg | 0.8 to 1.3 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.8 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.6 | |
| Cu | 0.050 to 0.25 | |
| Zn | 0 to 0.25 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.1 | |
| V | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Ga | 0 to 0.050 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.15 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch (editor), 1984
ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, J. R. Davis (editor), 1993
ISO 6361-2: Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys - Sheets, strips and plates - Part 2: Mechanical properties
EN 573-3: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products. Chemical composition and form of products