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EN 1.4560 (X3CrNiCu19-9-2) Stainless Steel

EN 1.4560 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the solution annealed (AT) condition. 1.4560 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X3CrNiCu19-9-2 is the EN chemical designation.

It has a fairly low tensile strength among wrought austenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a fairly high ductility and a moderately low embodied energy.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4560 stainless steel to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

180

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 28 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

50 %

Fatigue Strength

190 MPa 27 x 103 psi

Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy

91 J 67 ft-lb

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Shear Modulus

77 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

390 MPa 57 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

550 MPa 80 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

190 MPa 28 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

290 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

420 °C 780 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

940 °C 1730 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1420 °C 2580 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1370 °C 2500 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

15 W/m-K 8.7 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

16 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

2.4 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.8 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

15 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

3.0 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

42 MJ/kg 18 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

150 L/kg 18 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

19

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

220 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

92 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

20 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

19 points

Thermal Diffusivity

4.0 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

12 points

Alloy Composition

Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4560 stainless steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of manganese (Mn) and including copper (Cu). Manganese is used to improve ductility at elevated temperatures. It also permits a higher nitrogen content than would otherwise be possible. Copper is used to improve resistance to acids, and to improve formability.

Iron (Fe)Fe 66.8 to 71
Chromium (Cr)Cr 18 to 19
Nickel (Ni)Ni 8.0 to 9.0
Manganese (Mn)Mn 1.5 to 2.0
Copper (Cu)Cu 1.5 to 2.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 1.0
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.045
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.035
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.015

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

EN 10088-3: Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes

EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels

Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002

Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010