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UNS C12500 Fire-Refined Tough Pitch Copper

C12500 copper is a lightly alloyed grade of copper, formulated for primary forming into wrought products.

The properties of C12500 copper include twelve common variations. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare C12500 copper to: wrought coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

1/8-Hard (H00) C12500 Copper 3/4-Hard (H03) C12500 Copper

Annealed (OS025) C12500 Copper Annealed (OS050) C12500 Copper

As Hot Extruded (M30) C12500 Copper As Hot Rolled (M20) C12500 Copper

Extra-Hard (H06) C12500 Copper Extra-Spring (H10) C12500 Copper

Full-Hard (H04) C12500 Copper Half-Hard (H02) C12500 Copper

Quarter-Hard (H01) C12500 Copper Spring-Tempered (H08) C12500 Copper

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

120 GPa 17 x 10⁶ psi

Elongation at Break

1.5 to 50 %

Poisson's Ratio

0.34

Rockwell F Hardness

40 to 95

Shear Modulus

43 GPa 6.3 x 10⁶ psi

Shear Strength

150 to 220 MPa 22 to 31 x 10³ psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

220 to 420 MPa 32 to 62 x 10³ psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

75 to 390 MPa 11 to 57 x 10³ psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

210 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

200 °C 390 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1080 °C 1980 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1070 °C 1950 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

390 J/kg-K 0.092 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

350 W/m-K 200 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

17 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

92 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

93 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

31 % relative

Density

8.9 g/cm³ 560 lb/ft³

Embodied Carbon

2.6 kg CO₂/kg material

Embodied Energy

41 MJ/kg 18 x 10³ BTU/lb

Embodied Water

310 L/kg 37 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

5.6 to 88 MJ/m³

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

24 to 660 kJ/m³

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

7.2 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

18 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

6.9 to 13 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

9.1 to 14 points

Thermal Diffusivity

100 mm²/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

7.8 to 15 points

Alloy Composition

Among wrought copper alloys, the composition of C12500 copper is notable for including bismuth (Bi) and tellurium (Te). Bismuth improves machinability. It is used a non-toxic but more expensive replacement for lead. Tellurium is used to improve machinability.

Copper (Cu)Cu		99.88 to 100
Nickel (Ni)Ni		0 to 0.050
Tellurium (Te)Te		0 to 0.025
Arsenic (As)As		0 to 0.012
Lead (Pb)Pb		0 to 0.0040
Bismuth (Bi)Bi		0 to 0.0030
Antimony (Sb)Sb		0 to 0.0030
Residualsres.		0 to 0.3